Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment for skin cancer that uses a light-activated drug (photosensitizer) and a specific type of light to target and destroy cancerous cells. The process begins with the application of the photosensitizing agent to the affected area, which is then absorbed by the abnormal cells. After an absorption period, the area is exposed to a particular wavelength of light, activating the photosensitizer and causing a chemical reaction that destroys the cancer cells while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. PDT is a minimally invasive, targeted treatment that can effectively treat skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis with minimal downtime and reduced risk of damage to healthy skin. If you're considering PDT, consult with our experienced dermatologists at SeaCoast Skin Surgery to determine if this treatment is right for your skin cancer.

Photodynamic Therapy Examples

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Photodynamic Therapy Explained

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) begins with the application of a photosensitizing agent to the skin, which can be applied topically as a cream or administered intravenously, depending on the condition being treated. Following this, there is a waiting period during which the photosensitizing agent is preferentially absorbed by the abnormal or cancerous cells. This absorption period can range from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the specific agent and the condition being treated. Once the photosensitizer is adequately absorbed by the target cells, the area is exposed to a specific wavelength of light, such as red or blue light. This light exposure activates the photosensitizer, initiating a photochemical reaction that produces reactive oxygen species, which destroy the abnormal cells while leaving the surrounding healthy tissue largely unharmed. This targeted approach minimizes collateral damage and promotes healing.

Benefits of Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers significant benefits as a treatment for skin conditions, including high success rates—around 80% to 90% for actinic keratosis and similar rates for superficial basal cell carcinoma. It is minimally invasive, targeting abnormal cells while preserving healthy tissue, which enhances skin appearance. PDT is versatile, applicable across different body areas, and involves minimal downtime, allowing patients to quickly return to normal activities. These advantages make PDT a preferred choice for effective, non-surgical treatment with strong clinical outcomes and minimal disruption to daily life.

FAQs about Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy is effective in treating various skin conditions, including actinic keratosis (precancerous lesions), certain types of non-melanoma skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma, and severe acne that hasn't responded to other treatments.

During the procedure, you may experience a mild burning or tingling sensation when the light is applied, similar to a sunburn. However, discomfort is usually minimal and manageable. Your dermatology provider can provide options to help you stay comfortable during the treatment.

The length of a PDT session can vary depending on the area being treated and the specific photosensitizing agent used. Generally, the treatment session itself lasts about one to two hours, which includes the time for applying the photosensitizer and allowing it to absorb before light activation.

The number of PDT sessions required depends on the condition being treated and its severity. Typically, multiple sessions spaced several weeks apart may be recommended for optimal results. Your dermatology provider will create a personalized treatment plan based on your specific needs.



After PDT, the treated area may appear red, swollen, and sensitive to light for a few days. You might notice crusting, peeling, or flaking as the skin heals. It's important to follow your dermatology provider's post-treatment care instructions, including avoiding direct sunlight and using sunscreen, to aid in healing and prevent complications.

What to Expect at Your Photodynamic Therapy Appointment?

During your photodynamic therapy (PDT) appointment, you can expect a thorough and carefully structured process designed to effectively treat your skin condition. The appointment begins with your dermatology provider applying a photosensitizing agent to the affected area of your skin. This agent can be a topical cream or, in some cases, administered intravenously. After the application, there is an absorption period during which the photosensitizing agent is absorbed by the abnormal cells. This waiting period can vary from a few minutes to several hours, depending on the specific agent and condition being treated.

Once the agent has been sufficiently absorbed, your dermatology provider will expose the area to a specific wavelength of light, such as red or blue light. This exposure activates the photosensitizing agent, triggering a chemical reaction that destroys the targeted cells. During the light exposure, you might feel a tingling or mild burning sensation. The entire process, from application to light exposure, usually takes about one to two hours, but this can vary based on the treatment area and the photosensitizing agent used.

How to Prepare for Photodynamic Therapy?

To prepare for your photodynamic therapy (PDT) appointment, you should follow a few key steps to ensure the best possible outcome. First, discuss any medications you are currently taking with your dermatology provider, as some medications can increase light sensitivity. Avoid using any creams, lotions, or makeup on the treatment area on the day of your appointment. It is also recommended to wear loose, comfortable clothing that can easily be adjusted to expose the area being treated. Additionally, plan to avoid sun exposure for at least 48 hours after your treatment, so consider bringing a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses to protect your skin. Following these steps will help you be well-prepared for your PDT appointment and contribute to a successful treatment experience.

Planning for Recovery after Photodynamic Therapy

Recovery from photodynamic therapy (PDT) typically involves managing a few common side effects and following specific care instructions to ensure proper healing. After the treatment, the treated area may be red, swollen, and sensitive to light for several days. You might also experience a mild burning or stinging sensation, similar to a sunburn, which usually subsides within a few days. The area may also crust, peel, or flake as it heals. It's crucial to avoid direct sunlight and protect your skin with a broad-spectrum sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and staying indoors as much as possible for at least 48 hours after the procedure. Healing times can vary, but most patients see significant improvement within one to two weeks. During this period, following your dermatology provider's post-treatment care instructions is essential to ensure optimal results and minimize discomfort.

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